腹壁可触及肿物的超声判别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 肚脐尿管肾脏A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )肚脐尿管肾脏见于肚脐和十二指肠之间，一般来说座落肚脐尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于仅座落肚脐下。这些肾脏可体现为完全无调谐或高于调谐。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 三幅11A，肚脐尿管肾脏，此肾脏已受细菌感染，结构上含有黯淡调谐的容器。B，肚脐尿管肾脏，紧张状态的肾脏前壁激发反射伪影。

..Endometriosis乳腺增生上皮细胞Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).外周乳腺增生上皮细胞是乳腺手术的长时间合并症，无特殊体现，但可于以前手术的瘢痕处见一局部肿物，并有周期开放性的咳嗽和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 三幅12 ，剖宫产伤疤处乳腺增生上皮细胞

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 外周血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).褶直肌鞘血肿可时有发生发作开放性咳嗽后、打喷嚏或脑瘤发作后，其主因一般来说是抗凝外科手术或出血开放性病因。由于血肿受到限制于褶直肌鞘内，一般来说不很大，其大小根据所处位置而定，在弓状两条路线以上，血肿间或卵形，角速度椭圆形上下方向，可于侧面认出（三幅13A）；在弓状两条路线以下，由于褶白两条路线缺如，可扩充横过当中两条路线，因此血肿体现为分叶状，其最大长度座落横轴上。在产妇外周血肿可见于肚脐上平行扩充（三幅13B、C）。术后弥散开放性血管内心血管的患者可于外周手术瘢痕邻近认出大的血肿（三幅13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 三幅13A，一当中年妇女剧烈咳嗽后褶直肌鞘血肿，记号请示褶横筋膜。B，产妇外周血肿。C，一产妇肚脐动脉附着处上面的外周血肿。UV，肚脐动脉。D，一弥散开放性血管内心血管的剖宫产术后患者疤痕处外周血肿。

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